51吃瓜 of the Day
perilune
noun
the point in a lunar orbit that is nearest to the moon.
More about perilune
Perilune 鈥渢he point in a lunar orbit that is nearest to the moon鈥� is a compound of the combining form peri- 鈥渁bout, around, near鈥� and the element -lune 鈥渕辞辞苍.鈥� Peri-, from Ancient Greek 辫别谤铆 鈥渁bout, around,鈥� is a common fixture in words related to closeness, such as perimeter and periphery, and in perilune, it is combined with -lune on the pattern of perigee 鈥渢he point in an orbit that is nearest to the earth鈥� (using Ancient Greek 驳补卯补 or 驳锚 鈥渆arth鈥�). Unlike perigee, perilune features a Latin-origin element, -lune (from Latin 濒奴苍补) to mean 鈥渕oon鈥�; if this element were derived instead from Ancient Greek 蝉别濒岣梟脓 鈥渕oon鈥� to better match perigee, we would be saying something like 鈥�periselene鈥� instead! Perilune was first recorded in English in the late 1950s.
how is perilune used?
After being tracked for several days the spacecraft would be further slowed so that its perilune, or closest approach, would be reduced to about 28 miles above the lunar surface, which would be the primary altitude for photography. Originally the plan was to make the initial orbit circular at about 575 miles above the lunar surface; the slowing maneuver would put the spacecraft into an elliptical orbit with a perilune of 28 miles and an apolune, or maximum altitude, of 575 miles.
Since arriving at the Moon on 4 April, Beresheet has slowly lowered its orbit with a series of engine burns. On Tuesday, it circularized its orbit to an altitude of just 200 kilometers, and following a burn Wednesday, Beresheet dropped the perilune, or low point of its orbit, to just 15 kilometers over its eventual landing site in Mare Serenitatis.
perilune
autosomal
adjective
occurring on or transmitted by a chromosome other than one of the sex chromosomes.
More about autosomal
Autosomal 鈥渙ccurring on a chromosome other than one of the sex chromosomes鈥� is the adjectival form of autosome 鈥渁 chromosome other than a sex chromosome,鈥� a compound of the combining forms auto- 鈥渟elf, same鈥� and -some 鈥渂辞诲测.鈥� Auto- comes from Ancient Greek 补耻迟贸蝉 鈥渟elf,鈥� of uncertain ultimate origin, while -some comes from Ancient Greek 蝉么尘补 鈥渂ody,鈥� the stem of which is 蝉艒尘补迟-, as in somatic. While 蝉么尘补 refers to a body generally, 苍别办谤贸蝉 (as in necropolis and necrotic) refers specifically to a dead body. Autosomal was first recorded in English in the early 20th century.
how is autosomal used?
Even if you are a descendant of Shakespeare, there is only a negligible chance [that you have] any of his DNA. This is because autosomal DNA gets passed on randomly 鈥�. Within 10 generations, Shakespeare’s DNA has spread out and recombined so many times that it doesn’t even really make sense to speak of a match. Putting the same point the other way, each of us has so many ancestors that 鈥� we don’t share any DNA with the vast majority of them.
What cannot be so quickly learned is how to compare two autosomal DNA profiles and understand what the overlapping fragments are hinting at, knowing which branch of a tree to focus on or seeing how these pieces will fit together to identify the unknown person. Mr. Holes said that genetic genealogists like Ms. Rae-Venter, 鈥渁re worth their weight in gold,鈥� because 鈥渢hey understand the DNA testing and DNA inheritance and the genealogy aspects,鈥� which is rare to find in a single person.
autosomal
revitalize
verb (used with object)
to give new vitality or vigor to.
More about revitalize
Revitalize 鈥渢o give new vitality or vigor to鈥� is a compound of the prefix re- 鈥渁gain, back鈥� and the verb vitalize 鈥渢o give life to.鈥� Vitalize, in turn, is formed from vital 鈥渙f or relating to life鈥� and the verbal suffix -ize. Vital, from Latin 惫墨迟腻濒颈蝉, comes from the Latin noun 惫墨迟补 鈥渓ife,鈥� which is derived from the same Proto-Indo-European root, gwei- 鈥渢o live,鈥� that is also the source of English quick (from Old English cwic 鈥渓iving鈥�), Latin 惫墨惫别谤别 鈥渢o live鈥� (as in vivacious and vivid), Ancient Greek 产铆辞蝉 鈥渓ife鈥� (as in amphibian and biotic), and Ancient Greek 锄么颈辞苍 鈥渁nimal鈥� (as in protozoa and zodiac). Revitalize was first recorded in English in the late 1850s.
how is revitalize used?
In Canada, on the coastal fjords of British Columbia, within the Great Bear Rainforest, lies a swath of land the size of Ireland that protects thousand-year-old trees and the rarest bear in the world. Within it, Spirit Bear Lodge鈥攐wned and operated by the Kitasoo Xai鈥檟ais Nation鈥攚elcomes visitors from all over the world whose dollars revitalize local communities and fund further conservation, including a successful effort to stop bear hunts …. Douglas Neasloss, chief councilor of the Kitasoo Xai鈥檟ais Nation …. [says,] 鈥淲e鈥檝e been able to revitalize our culture and create a sustainable business model where we鈥檙e not pulling out a fish or cutting down a tree.鈥�
The partnership between the tribe and university helped create the Myaamia Center located on the Miami campus. Center founder Daryl Baldwin of the Myaamia tribe and others revitalized a language that was declared dead in the 1960s. Since the center鈥檚 beginnings in 2001, the program has set the bar for Indigenous language and cultural revitalization, winning support from the National Science Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, the Andrew Mellon Foundation and others.
revitalize