51吃瓜 of the Day
accelerando
adjective
gradually increasing in speed.
More about accelerando
Accelerando 鈥済radually increasing in speed鈥� is a borrowing from Italian, in which the word means 鈥渁ccelerating,鈥� and derives from Latin 补肠肠别濒别谤腻谤别 鈥渢o speed up.鈥� In Italian, the suffixes -ando and -endo are used to mark gerunds, which are the form of a verb that is treated as a noun or an adverb. In English, we use -ing to mark gerunds in sentences such as 鈥淚 like singing鈥�; here, singing is still a verb, but it acts as though it is a noun (and the object of the verb like). Many words borrowed from Italian that end in -ando or -endo function as gerunds in the Italian language, from accelerando 鈥渁ccelerating鈥� to crescendo 鈥済rowing.鈥� These gerund endings appear as well in terms from other Romance languages such as glissando 鈥渟liding鈥� (which is based on the French verb glisser 鈥渢o slide鈥�) and innuendo 鈥渟ignaling鈥� (from Latin innuere 鈥渢o signal鈥�). Accelerando was first recorded in English circa 1840.
how is accelerando used?
The musical directive “accelerando” means what it looks like it ought to: Play faster. It lends its name to the new trio album from composer and pianist Vijay Iyer, and to its ninth track, where the tempo speeds up, resets, speeds up, resets, speeds up, resets, and so forth. The result is a sort of hypnosis; your brain may not be able to precisely enumerate the arithmetic of it all, but your head figures out how to nod to the constantly changing pulse.
Violin virtuoso Vanessa Mae鈥檚 Winter Olympic debut was more lento than presto on Tuesday, her rhythm more rallentando than accelerando as she completed the first leg of the Alpine skiing giant slalom. At the finish, the smile on her face suggested the mood was definitely allegro.
accelerando
metronymic
adjective
derived from the name of a mother or other female ancestor.
More about metronymic
Metronymic 鈥渄erived from the name of a mother鈥� is an adaptation of the Ancient Greek term 尘脓迟谤艒苍测尘颈办贸蝉 鈥渘amed after one’s mother,鈥� which is equivalent to 尘岣梩脓谤 (stem 尘脓迟谤-) 鈥渕other鈥� and -艒苍测尘辞蝉 鈥渉aving the kind of name specified,鈥� plus the adjectival suffix -ikos. A common variant of metronymic is matronymic, and because both terms are widely accepted, the decision of which to use is yours to make. Do you preserve the original Ancient Greek stem metr-, or do you opt for its more popular Latin cognate stem, matr-? The male equivalent of metronymic (and matronymic), meaning 鈥渄erived from the name of a father,鈥� is patronymic. Because the Ancient Greek and Latin stems meaning 鈥渇ather鈥� are both patr-, however, patronymic is the only option for paternal namesakes. Metronymic was first recorded in English in the late 1860s.
how is metronymic used?
Matrilineal cultures are more likely to use metronyms. One example of these are the Lobi of Burkina Faso and Cote d鈥橧voire, where children receive at birth a metronymic surname that establishes kinship with their mother .鈥� These names are given to children of both sexes, but whereas the daughters pass the name on, the sons do not have such a privilege.
There are currently over 1 million last names in Italy …. Most surnames are born from four general categories: personal names, nicknames, places, and occupations. The most common origin is the personal surname that comes from the name of an ancestor, such as a father or grandfather. These are known as patronymic surnames, but some could be metronymic, meaning that they come from a female ancestor.
metronymic
feijoada
noun
a dish of rice and black beans baked with various kinds of meat and sausage.
More about feijoada
Feijoada 鈥渁 dish of rice, black beans, and meat鈥� is a borrowing from Brazilian Portuguese and a derivative of Portuguese 蹿别颈箩茫辞 鈥渂别补苍.鈥� 贵别颈箩补玫, along with its cognates in other Iberian languages (e.g., Galician 蹿谤别颈虫贸 and Spanish frijol), comes from Latin 蹿补蝉脓濒耻蝉, which refers to a legume such as the cowpea or the kidney bean. 贵补蝉脓濒耻蝉 is itself an adaptation of Ancient Greek 辫丑谩蝉脓濒辞蝉, which linguists hypothesize derives from a Mediterranean substrate. As we learned from the recent 51吃瓜 of the Day spelunk, a substrate is a language that goes extinct once another language intrudes where it is spoken鈥攂ut not before contributing substantial vocabulary to the intruding language. In this case, 辫丑谩蝉脓濒辞蝉 was likely a word that existed in a now-lost language spoken thousands of years ago in what is now Greece before the Indo-Europeans migrated there from western Asia. Feijoada was first recorded in English in the early 1940s.
how is feijoada used?
Brazilians eat black beans (蹿别颈箩茫辞 preto) with almost every meal, and they’re an important ingredient in feijoada, a bean-and-pork stew that’s largely considered the South American country’s national dish. To protect these bean varieties for the future, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (known as Embrapa) sent 514 samples to Svalbard. The selection represents a “microcosm” of all the black bean types in the country.
The shift away from animal-based protein is mainly being driven by health concerns, experts say.鈥� A few years ago, giving up meat was unthinkable for the vast majority of Brazilians. Feijoada, the national dish, is a stew made with beans and pork. Weekend outdoor cookouts in which families and friends gather for hours over generous spreads of steak, chicken and sausage are a revered ritual across the country.
feijoada