51吃瓜 of the Day
cryosphere
noun
the part of the earth鈥檚 surface where, at temperatures below 32掳F (0掳C), the water is frozen solid.
More about cryosphere
Cryosphere 鈥渢he part of the earth鈥檚 surface where the water is frozen solid鈥� is a compound of the combining form cryo-, which describes cold and ice, and sphere. Cryo- derives from Ancient Greek 办谤媒辞蝉 鈥渋cy cold,鈥� which comes from the same Proto-Indo-European root that gives us crystal (from Ancient Greek 办谤媒蝉迟补濒濒辞蝉 鈥渃lear ice鈥�) and both crouton and crustacean (from Latin crusta 鈥渃谤耻蝉迟鈥�). Sphere comes from Ancient Greek 蝉辫丑补卯谤补 鈥渂all,鈥� and outside the realm of geometry, the combining form -sphere is often used in English to describe geographic or ecological regions (such as biosphere and noosphere) and air layers (such as atmosphere and stratosphere). Cryosphere was first recorded in English in the late 1930s.
how is cryosphere used?
Release of methane into the atmosphere from any source is troubling because methane has far more potent greenhouse powers than carbon dioxide .鈥� Scientists have speculated about such methane releases and modeling has predicted that it would happen as the cryosphere…softens and melts .鈥� 鈥淏ut no one had ever shown that it was occurring or that it was a widespread phenomenon,鈥� [lead author Katey Walter Anthony] said. 鈥淭his paper really is the first time that we see with field evidence that this type of geologic methane is escaping as the cryosphere 谤别迟谤别补迟蝉.鈥�
cryosphere
shivaree
noun
a mock serenade with kettles, pans, horns, and other noisemakers given for a newly married couple; charivari.
Why Steven Mackey chose shivaree
Shivaree: Fantasy for Trumpet and Orchestra is the title of a piece of classical music by Steven Mackey, which receives its world premiere today, October 21, 2021, with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and conductor Gustavo Dudamel. Shivaree is a composition for solo trumpet and orchestra made up of 12 movements, each of which was written as a musical interpretation of different words discovered through our very own 51吃瓜 of the Day. As Mackey himself explained: "Two little rituals became part of my daily life. I was getting notifications on my phone every morning with the '51吃瓜 of the Day' from Dictionary.com and my 10-year-old daughter would wander into my study, sit down at the piano, and say, 'Give me a word.' She would play an improvisation inspired by those words, which led me to decide to take some of the more unusual and evocative '51吃瓜s of the Day' as points of departure for my Trumpet Fantasy.鈥� The other 51吃瓜 of the Day-inspired movements in the piece are chthonian, erumpent, tintinnabulation, exonumia, requiescat, deipnosophist, omphaloskepsis, horripilation, deliquesce, and apopemptic. Learn more about Shivaree, Steven Mackey, and the art of the musical interpretation of Dictionary.com鈥檚 51吃瓜s of the Day here.
More about shivaree
Shivaree 鈥渁 mock serenade with noisemakers鈥� is of obscure origin, though there is a general prevailing theory. Much like recent 51吃瓜 of the Day shivoo, which we learned about in June, shivaree is likely a corruption of the French term charivari. Charivari is also of obscure origin but may derive, via Late Latin 肠补谤墨产补谤颈补 鈥渉eadache,鈥� from Ancient Greek 办补谤脓产补谤铆补, equivalent to 办谩谤腻 or 办谩谤脓 鈥渉别补诲,鈥� 产补谤媒蝉 鈥渉eavy,鈥� and the abstract noun suffix -铆补. The logic is that a noisy, boisterous celebration would cause quite the headache! An alternative theory is that shivaree, again like shivoo, derives instead from the French phrase chez vous 鈥渁t your home.鈥� Shivaree was first recorded in English in the early 1800s.
how is shivaree used?
Encouraging cake mashing, like a host of other awful wedding customs, from shivaree (a noisy mock serenade on the wedding night) to tying a tin can to the newlyweds鈥� getaway car, is one last chance for the couple鈥檚 friends to indulge in the game of 鈥淴 and Y, sitting in a tree, K-I-S-S-I-N-G.鈥�
Whooping and hollering, boarders, parents, neighbors, and friends filled the room. Cowbells rang, guitars and fiddles sang out, and tin pots were beaten with sticks鈥攁 din that announced the beginning of the old custom of shivaree, a traditional way of celebrating a wedding in the mountains.
shivaree
burgeon
verb (used without object)
to grow or develop quickly; flourish.
More about burgeon
Burgeon 鈥渢o grow or develop quickly鈥� derives via Middle English and Anglo-French from the Old French noun burjon 鈥渟hoot, bud,鈥� and though the word鈥檚 history becomes murky from that point, the prevailing theory is that burjon is ultimately from Late Latin burra 鈥渨ool, fluff,鈥� in reference to the fine hairs that cover certain types of buds. An alternative theory connects burjon instead to a Proto-Germanic verb meaning 鈥渢o raise; to emerge, occur鈥�; compare Dutch gebeuren 鈥渢o happen鈥� and Swedish 产枚谤箩补 鈥渢o start.鈥� If the latter theory is correct, burgeon derives from the Proto-Indo-European root bher- 鈥渢o carry鈥� and is therefore distantly related to burden (from Old English), transfer (literally 鈥渢o carry across,鈥� from Latin ferre 鈥渢o bear鈥�), and phosphorus (literally 鈥渓ight-bearing,鈥� from Ancient Greek 鈥嬧赌媝丑茅谤别颈苍 鈥渢o carry鈥�). Burgeon was first recorded in English around the turn of the 14th century.
how is burgeon used?
Among the other mammals that made it through were some of the earliest placentals .鈥� But only after the end-Cretaceous extinction did these advanced mammals burgeon and split into the major modern subgroups, including rodents and primates. The reason for their sudden about-face is clear. With Tyrannosaurus, Triceratops and kin out of the way, these placentals now had a clear playing field to conquer, and once again they quickly evolved to fill available niches.
Since 2005, [Freddy] Mamani [Silvestre] and his firm have completed sixty projects in El Alto, the world鈥檚 highest city, which sits at nearly fourteen thousand feet, on an austere plateau above La Paz. In the past twenty years, the economy there has burgeoned, along with an enterprising, mostly Indigenous population. Mamani earned his fame building mixed-use dream houses for the city鈥檚 nouveaux riches.
burgeon