51吃瓜 of the Day
diphthongize
verb (used with object)
to change into or pronounce as one unsegmentable, gliding speech sound, as the oi sound of toy and boil.
More about diphthongize
Diphthongize 鈥渢o change into one gliding speech sound鈥� is a verb based on diphthong, a sound that comprises two vowels merged into one. A sound containing one vowel is a monophthong, containing two is a diphthong, and containing three is a triphthong. Diphthong is equivalent to Ancient Greek di- 鈥渢wo鈥� and 辫丑迟丑贸苍驳辞蝉 鈥渧oice, sound.鈥� The prefix di-, from 诲铆蝉 鈥渢wice, double,鈥� is a distant relative of English two as well as Latin duo 鈥渢wo鈥� and bis (earlier duis) 鈥渢wice,鈥� as in dual and bi-, respectively. 笔丑迟丑贸苍驳辞蝉 may come from a long-lost language that was spoken in Greece long before the Greek language swept in; the consonant cluster phth- is rare (yet not impossible) according to the sound laws of the Indo-European language family. Diphthongize was first recorded in English in the late 1860s.
how is diphthongize used?
Southern speech also has a tendency to 鈥�diphthongize鈥� sounds .鈥� Southern speech has tons of diphthongs, even some triphthongs (that鈥檚 a three-part vowel), way more than other dialects in North America, which is part of the reason why Southerners have a reputation for 鈥渄rawling鈥� or speaking slowly. It鈥檚 not actually slower, Southern vowels just have more stuff crammed into them.
varmint
noun
an objectionable or undesirable animal, usually predatory, as a coyote or bobcat.
More about varmint
Varmint 鈥渁n undesirable animal鈥� is a variant of vermin most common today in Southern and Appalachian English. There are two sound changes at play here: vowel backing and excrescence. Vowel backing is when a vowel sound moves farther back in the mouth, as the front/central vowel e in vermin migrates to become the back vowel a in varmint. A similar shift happened with argal (from ergo) and parson (from person). As we learned from the recent 51吃瓜 of the Day enumerate, excrescence is the addition of a consonant, such as the final t in varmint; compare the evolution of Old English thunor into modern English thunder. Despite its association with dialectal American English, varmint was first recorded in English in the 1530s.
how is varmint used?
When European colonists encountered the [coyote] species, they were of two minds, heralding it as an icon of the expansive West and vilifying it as the ultimate varmint, the bloodthirsty bane of sheep and cattle ranchers.
Back in early February, [the groundhog] Phil said we’d have six more weeks of winter. Well, that deadline has passed, and the Monroe County Sheriff’s Office has told the varmint that time’s up… it’s “seeking the apprehension of Punxsutawney Phil for deception.鈥�
meliorism
noun
the doctrine that the world tends to become better or may be made better by human effort.
More about meliorism
Meliorism 鈥渢he doctrine that the world becomes better by human effort鈥� is based on the Latin adjective melior 鈥渂etter,鈥� which is also the source of the English verb ameliorate 鈥渢o make or become better鈥� as well as French meilleur, Italian migliore, Portuguese melhor, and Spanish mejor, all meaning 鈥渂etter鈥� or 鈥渂est,鈥� depending on context. Just as better and best are the comparative and superlative of good even though good is not related to them, Latin melior and optimus 鈥渂est鈥� correspond to bonus 鈥済ood.鈥� This use of unrelated words as forms of one another is known as suppletion, as we learned from the recent 51吃瓜s of the Day laisser-aller and jovial. Meliorism was first recorded in English in the late 1850s.
how is meliorism used?
The novelist George Eliot (she who fashioned 鈥榝rustrating鈥� for us) is also credited with formulating, in a letter she wrote in 1885, something rather less negative in its outlook and attitude: the term 鈥�meliorism,’ or the belief that the world鈥檚 suffering is healable if we all work together for that end …. We can meet together in a great disco of the mind, fuelled by the conviction that one day, in the not-too-distant future, that beautiful, fragile, craved-for togetherism we all so desperately miss, will resume again for real.
The cheerful meliorism that has guided past accomplishments鈥揳 fundamental belief that life does and will get better鈥揾as been replaced by a gloomy cynicism, or at best a respectful ritualisation of our decline: dressing up in sombre outfits to watch sombrely dressed orchestras play the complicated soundtracks of our golden age; queuing round the block to study the tortured brushstrokes of bygone eras, and finding genius in their pain.