51吃瓜 of the Day
heliotropic
adjective
turning or growing toward the light.
More about heliotropic
Heliotropic 鈥渢urning toward the light鈥� is a compound of the forms helio- 鈥渟un鈥� and -tropic 鈥渢urned toward.鈥� Helio- comes from Ancient Greek 丑岣条颈辞蝉 鈥渟un,鈥� which is also the source of the word helium, named for its presence in the chemical composition of the Sun. Meanwhile, -tropic is based on Ancient Greek 迟谤辞辫颈办贸蝉 鈥減ertaining to a turn,鈥� from 迟谤贸辫辞蝉 鈥渢urn.鈥� This same root word is behind English tropical, which we tend to associate today with hot weather and the naming of storms, but the literal sense of tropical describes the zone in which the Sun travels directly overhead in the sky. Heliotropic was first recorded in English in the early 1870s.
how is heliotropic used?
But they have designed [solar panel technology] that they say can be about 30 to 40 percent more effective. They were inspired by the idea that flowers and plants naturally turn to face the sun. They call it, let’s say it’s something called a heliotropic effect, and it’s just because of the direction that the sun strikes and they move.
Most seedling plants are strongly heliotropic, and it is no doubt a great advantage to them in their struggle for life to expose their cotyledons to the light as quickly and as fully as possible, for the sake of obtaining carbon.
approximate
verb (used with object)
to estimate.
More about approximate
Approximate 鈥渢o estimate鈥� is based on Late Latin 补辫辫谤辞虫颈尘腻迟耻蝉 鈥渄rawn near to, approached,鈥� which is based on the verb 辫谤辞虫颈尘腻谤别 鈥渢o near, approach,鈥� combined with the prefix ad- 鈥渢o, toward.鈥� 笔谤辞虫颈尘腻谤别 ultimately comes from the Latin adjective proximus 鈥渘ext,鈥� which is the superlative of prope 鈥渘别补谤.鈥� Prope is the source of the verb 辫谤辞辫颈腻谤别 鈥渢o draw near,鈥� which combined with ad- and passed through a couple of sound changes in French, such as -pi- to -ch- because of a phenomenon called palatalization, eventually becoming English approach. Approximate was first recorded in English in the early 15th century.
how is approximate used?
How can we possibly weigh [dinosaurs], and how can we be sure our assumptions aren鈥檛 wildly off the mark? Our research, published in Biological Reviews, offers a way to check. We found that two rival ways to estimate dinosaurs鈥� body size鈥搇ong thought to be fundamentally at odds鈥揳ctually offer consistent and complementary ways to approximate the weight of these prehistoric titans.
Researchers have long known that the Babylonians, who lived in what is now Iraq, had considerable mathematical skill: They successfully approximated the square root of 2 and understood the Pythagorean theorem nearly 4,000 years ago鈥攎ore than a millennium before Pythagoras was born.
keiretsu
noun
a loose coalition of business groups.
More about keiretsu
Keiretsu 鈥渁 loose coalition of business groups鈥� is a compound of Japanese kei 鈥渟eries鈥� and retsu 鈥渓ine, row.鈥� As with many words in Japanese, both kei and retsu are originally borrowings from Middle Chinese, which exerted substantial influence on other languages in East Asia, from Japanese and Korean in the north to Vietnamese in the south. Kei is cognate with Mandarin 虫矛, while retsu is cognate with Mandarin 濒颈猫鈥攖hough the common origin is clearer if we compare kei and retsu with Cantonese hai and lit. Because Mandarin gradually lost the majority of final consonants present in Middle Chinese, 濒颈猫 ends with a vowel, while Japanese retsu and Cantonese lit preserve the final 鈥渢uh鈥� sound that existed in Middle Chinese. Keiretsu was first recorded in English in the late 1970s.
how is keiretsu used?
At dinner parties in Silicon Valley, entrepreneurs brag about having them. At conferences, investors discuss building them. What’s grabbing all the attention? Keiretsu …. The word originated in post-war Japan to describe the powerful groups of intertwined companies that developed as the country rebuilt its economy. The keiretsu replaced the zaibatsu, a system of large, family-held holding companies.
The country’s industrial groups, or keiretsu, are chummy clubs, and banks were willing to quietly bail out a troubled firm with “no questions asked” loans. It was not until the late 1990s that the Japanese government stepped in and began forcing banks to come clean about bad loans.