51吃瓜

The development of the modern violin was gradual and complex, evolving from a variety of other stringed instruments …. The influence of the two-stringed rabab, an Arabian fiddle introduced to western Europe in the 11th century, and the three-stringed rebec, which appeared in Spain between the 11th and 13th centuries, likely as a result of the Crusades, is also reflected in the modern violin. The French vielle, like the rebec, was usually supported on the chest or under the chin and was widely used by troubadours in the 13th to 15th centuries to accompany singing and dancing.

Mr. Savall鈥檚 choice of instruments told some of the story. He switched between the rebab, an Arabic bowed instrument with a timbre that can sound either raspy or lyrical, depending on how you play it, and its smaller, lighter-voiced European descendant, the rebec. Dimitri Psonis played the santur, a Persian dulcimer, and the oud, a fretless Middle Eastern cousin to the lute. And David Mayoral performed on drums and tambourines of various kinds, sizes and origins, usually with an appealing subtlety born of playing with fingertips and palms rather than sticks and mallets. This was a Middle Eastern ensemble at heart.

Mr. Crampton 鈥� rode very fast until he was round the bend鈥攋ust to show how angry he was. For a space he was boiling with rage. Then he laughed aloud in a sardonic fashion. 鈥淥f all possible experiences!鈥� he said. 鈥淗a-ha! And this comes of trying to help a fellow-creature!鈥� The sardonic mood remained. He hated every human being on the road and every human being in Crawley, both on the right-hand side and on the left.

Phrenologically speaking, physiognomically speaking, Jack was as plausible a claimant to character and distinction as any of the rest of them, as he must have known. Perhaps that is why he seemed mildly sardonic when he looked at her, knowing with what interest she looked at him. Yes, he seemed to say, here it is, the face we all joked about and lamented over and carried off as well as we could, the handsome face.

[I]n front of the fireplace were placed three cane stools with a long, low, mahogany teapoy. Richard often sat there, his pipe in hand and browsed through his books and ancient manuscripts. 鈥� On the long teapoy lay half-open books and periodicals. At one end of it stood a pipe stand with half a dozen pipes of different shapes and sizes hanging in it. The round lampshade over the teapoy had been so arranged that, switched on, the light fell only on the three cane stools and the teapoy, leaving the rest of the room in semi-darkness.

There was a small wooden teapoy near the sofa, with an embroidered cross stitch tablecloth on it, with designs of Mistress Mary, quite contrary, watering her flowerbeds. Naomi had done it for her craft class in the ninth standard. A beautiful crystal vase, filled with wilting red roses stood on the teapoy. There were faded yellow half-curtains for the windows strung on taut springs. But the windows were shut.