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51勛圖 of the Day

51勛圖 of the day

sepulchral

[ suh-puhl-kruhl ]

adjective

proper to or suggestive of a tomb; funereal or dismal.

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More about sepulchral

Sepulchral proper to or suggestive of a tomb, the adjectival counterpart of the noun sepulcher, spelled sepulchre in British English, derives from Latin 莽梗梯喝梭釵娶櫻梭勳莽 relating to a tomb, from sepulcrum tomb. There is no clear reason for the addition of the h to these two Latin terms as they passed via Old French into English, though it is possible that influence from the similar-sounding adjective pulcher beautiful may have been the culprit. Alternatively, because spelling rules became lax in Medieval Latin (which was roughly contemporaneous with Old French) and the letter h had become silent, h started cropping up in words where it had no reason to appear, and the change of Middle English sepulcre to sepulchre in the 1200s could have followed this trend. A similar phenomenon occurred with 釵櫻娶勳喧櫻莽 dearness, charity, which was often misspelled in Medieval Latin as charitas by conflation with Ancient Greek 域堯獺娶勳莽 grace, charm. Sepulchral first appeared in English in the early 1600s.

how is sepulchral used?

Hermione came down to dinner strange and sepulchral, her eyes heavy and full of sepulchral darkness, strength. She had put on a dress of stiff old greenish brocade, that fitted tight and made her look tall and rather terrible, ghastly. In the gay light of the drawing-room she was uncanny and oppressive. But seated in the half-light of the dining-room, sitting stiffly before the shaded candles on the table, she seemed a power, a presence.

D. H. Lawrence, Women in Love, 1920
[Oscar Wilde] began to speak in a voice that might have come from the tomb. It grew monotonous, and was fast becoming painful, when, to the evident surprise of everybody, he smiled as he uttered something in reference to the various definitions of aestheticism. The audience was at once relieved from the sepulchral atmosphere and broke into a hearty laugh which did everybody good.

"Oscar Wilde's Lecture", New York Times, January 10, 1882

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nyctophobia

[ nik-tuh-foh-bee-uh ]

noun

an irrational or disproportionate fear of night or nighttime darkness.

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More about nyctophobia

Nyctophobia fear of night or nighttime darkness is a compound of the combining forms nycto- night and -phobia f梗硃娶. Nycto- derives from Ancient Greek 紳羸單, of the same meaning, and comes from the same Proto-Indo-European root, nekwt-, found in English night, German nacht, and the Latin-derived terms equinox and nocturnal. In Greek mythology, Nyx was the primordial goddess and personification of nighttime who mated with Erebus, the god of darkness, to create Aether, the god of the upper air, and Hemera, the goddess of daytime. The ending -phobia is commonly used to indicate fear, and the opposite is -philia; while nyctophobia is fear of darkness, nyctophilia is love of darkness. The ending 囷堯棗莉勳硃 derives from Ancient Greek 梯堯籀莉棗莽 fear (but originally flight), which is related to Latin fugere to flee, as in fugitive. Nyctophobia was first recorded in English in the early 1890s.

how is nyctophobia used?

[F]rightening words and concepts repeated over a period of time during childhood will have long-lasting neurological and emotional consequences. Nyctophobia, a pathological fear of night and darkness, might be an extreme example of such a consequence. Yet even the most protected children sometimes believe that theres a monster under the bed at night or a ghost outside the window in the darkness. Nor do adults stop being afraid of venturing into Central Park at night, even when theyre presented with rational and incontrovertible facts about its relative safety after dark.

Marie Winn, Central Park in the Dark, 2008

But wasnt it dark inside the trunk? Nora asked. If Ashley had nyctophobia she wouldnt have climbed in there …. He shook his head. I didnt know what to think. I didnt recognize the Ashley I knew in any of this, this witch weve been tracking. Curses on the floor? Nyctophobia? Ashley wasnt afraid of the dark. She wasnt afraid of anything.

Marisha Pessl, Night Film, 2014

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sanguivorous

[ sang-gwiv-er-uhs ]

adjective

feeding on blood, as a bat or insect.

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More about sanguivorous

Sanguivorous feeding on blood is a compound of the combining forms sangui- blood and -vorous d梗措棗喝娶勳紳眶. Sangui- derives from Latin sanguis, of the same meaning, but the story does not stop there. Continuing a common pattern in the Indo-European language family, the Romans had two words for bloodsanguis and cruorand while sanguis implicitly referred to blood inside the body, cruor referred to blood outside the body, particularly in violent contexts. In this way, it should come as little surprise that cruor is distantly related to English raw (Old English 堯娶襲硃滄) and Ancient Greek 域娶矇硃莽 raw flesh, while sanguis may be a compound of the Proto-Indo-European roots for blood and to pour. While cruor survives today to some extent in modern Romance languages, it is sanguis that serves as the root of most Romance words for blood, such as French sang, Italian/Portuguese sangue, and Spanish sangre. Sanguivorous was first recorded in English in the mid-1800s.

how is sanguivorous used?

In humans, anaphylactic shock can be fatal; in sanguivores, its less dangerous but still extraordinarily unpleasant. Garlic is to you as peanuts are to your cousin; I cannot overemphasize the importance of thisand its not just garlic, its several other members of the allium family to lesser extents . Sanguivore just means eater of blood . The older term was hemophagous, but these days, all creatures who feed on blood are known as sanguivorous.

Vivian Shaw, Dreadful Company, 2018

Only three mammalian species are sanguivorousthats blood feedingand they are all bats. Blood, apparently, is not that nutritious. It has almost no carbs, fats, or vitamins; its high iron levels can disrupt heart, liver, and pancreas function; its obscenely high protein and salt levels can cause renal disease if nitrogenous waste products build up. It contains pathogens. It clots. Vampire bats have some obvious adaptations to allow them to survive on their limited and macabre diet.

Diana Gitig, "Gut bacteria key to the vampire bats ability to survive on blood," Ars Technica, March 1, 2018

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