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Patriotism runs high among ordinary people in Juba and South Sudan's independence from Sudan last year, the result of the liberation struggle fought since 1963 that killed more than 2 million people, is a powerful agglutinant of national identity.

Another method was to bore a hole in a piece of charcoal, fill the hole with fine filings of gold or silver, stopping it with powered charcoal, mixed with some agglutinant so that the whole might look natural.

The clay acts as an agglutinant, and the straw as a reinforcement.