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The study joins a growing body of research focused on how societal factors shape animal behavior, an approach that some believe provides more accurate insights than exploring ecological factors alone.

Abnormal animal behavior is often a sign of infection, like bats flying in the daytime or normally timid creatures interacting with humans.

Kroese noted, "This technology represents an exciting advancement in our ability to study and monitor animal behavior and welfare. By automatically and accurately detecting posture transitions, we can gain valuable insights into the comfort and well-being of dairy cows."

The journal Royal Society Open Science published a survey of 100 researchers of animal behavior, providing a unique view of current scientific thought on animal emotions and consciousness.

"As far as we know, this is the first assessment of how animal behavior researchers across a range of disciplines think about emotions and consciousness in non-human animals," says Marcela Benítez, assistant professor of anthropology at Emory University and corresponding author of the paper.