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Memory B cells manufacture the right antibodies quickly when a familiar microbe appears.

It added the biomechanical test used in both cases "can give rise to falsely high insulin results" due to the presence of antibodies which can interfere with the outcome.

Those maternal antibodies protect infants while their immune system matures.

Plasma makes up 55% of a person's blood and contains antibodies, which strengthen or stabilise the immune system.

The mother's immune system then sees the baby's blood cells as a threat and produces antibodies to attack them.