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The state lies wholly within the great Brazilian plateau region, but its surface is much broken towards the N. by the deeply eroded valleys of the Araguaya and Upper Tocantins rivers and their tributaries.

As one ascends the Tocantins and Araguaya from their mouths in the Amazon estuary the altitude rapidly rises and navigation is quickly interrupted by cataracts.

Being unable to obtain men, Mr. Leavens now gave up his project of ascending the river as far as the Araguaya.

We were told that there were in all fifteen of these obstructions to navigate, between Arroyos and the mouth of the Araguaya.