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In 1982, scientists discovered the fractional quantum Hall effect in heterostructures of gallium arsenide, where a gas of electrons confined in a two-dimensional plane is placed under high magnetic fields.

The Dortmund physicists led by Dr. Alex Greilich have now designed a special crystal made of indium gallium arsenide, in which the nuclear spins act as a reservoir for the time crystal.

To do this, the researchers replaced a traditional dot projector with a low-power laser and a flat gallium arsenide surface, significantly reducing the imaging device's size and power consumption.

These processes employ high-performance compound semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide that are typically used to make high-efficiency space cells today.

At the nearby UCSB, Young is taking a wholly different route to Majorana quasiparticles, one that revives the fractional quantum Hall effect, but in graphene instead of gallium arsenide.