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Then, in World War I, this law was used to heavily regulate noncitizens from the foreign belligerent, which was Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

There were several thousand German and Austro-Hungarian internees from World War I. However, by the time World War II started, there was a general consensus that the wartime hysteria and internment policy of World War I was really inappropriate, and that it inflated people’s sense of the dangerousness of Germans and Austro-Hungarians based on their ancestry.

While Anton can afford to work as an unpaid lecturer at the university in the hopes of getting a paid professorship, Zedlacher — whose family lost its fortune during World War I and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire — works as a bookkeeper and night manager at a café where he waits on the very people whose ranks he wishes to join.

He was born in Zadar—now Croatia—which was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire when he was born in 1880, but it became part of Italy in 1920.

Prior to World War I, Georg von Trapp operated submarines in the Austro-Hungarian navy.