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In their latest work, they have created a prototype for what they call "living bioelectronics": a combination of living cells, gel, and electronics that can integrate with living tissue.

Typically, bioelectronics consist of the electronics themselves, plus a soft layer to make them less irritating to the body.

These 'spider silks' also incorporate bioelectronics, so that different sensing capabilities can be added to the 'web'.

"We also want bioelectronics that are completely imperceptible to the user, so they don't in any way interfere with how the user interacts with the world, and we want them to be sustainable and low waste."

Now, the Cambridge-led team has developed a new way of making high-performance bioelectronics that can be customised to a wide range of biological surfaces, from a fingertip to the fluffy seedhead of a dandelion, by printing them directly onto that surface.