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As a result, the researchers found that if gravitational lensing is ignored, the observed cosmic birefringence signal cannot be fitted well by the theoretical prediction, which would statistically reject the true theory.

Many crystals exhibit birefringence, in which their refractive index — a measure of the speed of light in a material — is different along different axes.

The two-speed effect is known as birefringence and it is used in many optical devices.

Amyloid is defined pathologically by the demonstration of green birefringence on binding of the dye Congo red and biophysically by a cross-β fibre diffraction pattern. b, Models of recombinant PrP fibrils and ex vivo prions.

Segev and his group's design uses layers of materials with different types of birefringence, along with specially designed mirrors, to make a practical model for how negative radiation pressure might be achieved.