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The brain cells that fire during learning and memory are firing in response to the concept of that character and will fire in any context in which that concept features.

She said broadly speaking, chronic stress kills brain cells in the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain responsible for learning and memory.

But in the event of an infection or other trauma, the amyloid beta can’t distinguish between the invading pathogens and the host brain cells, and it may end up attacking both.

“We, for the first time, show that these up and down states affect how human brain cells communicate with each other,” Mittermaier said.

During those same two decades, neurogenesis slows to the point where immature brain cells became nearly undetectable.