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Mohandas Pai, a prominent angel investor, told news channel Economic Times Now that there was a dearth of capital investment in deep-tech start-ups from the government and private players.

This dominance has been mainly down to enormous capital investment - but China's DeepSeek was developed for a fraction of the price of its US rivals.

Challenging global power players like Open AI and Google Deepmind - a UK company purchased by the Silicon Valley giant in 2014 - will require eye-watering amounts of capital investment.

Pursuing green growth by borrowing for long-term capital investment is a potential strategy, and it underpinned "Bidenomics" in the US.

However, building such a plant in Scotland would require major capital investment and would also involve facilities for supercooling the gas to turn it into a liquid.