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An adverse cardiovascular event was documented when a person was hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of a heart attack, stroke, cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest.

Every year, around 50,000 people in the United States experience cardiogenic shock -- a life-threatening condition, usually caused by a severe heart attack, in which the heart can't pump enough blood for the body's needs.

To treat patients who are experiencing cardiogenic shock, a percutaneous VAD can be inserted through the arteries until it is positioned across the aortic valve, where it helps to pump blood out of the left ventricle.

He said the medical cause of Benn's death was "refractory cardiogenic shock due to taxane alkaloid poisoning, following ingestion of yew tree berries and leaves".

The misguided treatment caused Paxton to suffer excessive bleeding, cardiogenic shock and a compromised coronary artery, the suit alleged, and said that Cedars-Sinai knew that Khoynezhad, tended to “engage in maverick surgeries and show suboptimal judgment.”