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"If no oxygen bonds to it, leftover carbon will aggregate on the catalyst's nickel surface, covering its active face. This coking deposition causes deactivation. It is extremely common in thermal catalysis for hydrocarbon conversion."

Surfaces play a key role in numerous chemical reactions, including catalysis and corrosion.

"What we are interested in is essentially to discover entirely new enzymatic reactions and general modes of enzyme catalysis," he added.

More than 95,000 MOFs have so far been discovered with a broad range of applications in fields such as catalysis, gas separation and energy storage.

A new commentary published in Cell Press' One Earth co-authored by Griffith University researchers puts forth a transformative solution: catalysis to leverage sustainable waste resources, ushering the industry from a linear to a circular economy.