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CVS or chorionic villus sampling, is offered at 10 to 13 weeks gestation.

In addition to amniocentesis, which removes and tests a small sample of cells from amniotic fluid, these also include CVS, or chorionic villus sampling, which tests a small piece of tissue from the placenta.

This restriction stems from the fact that the analysis currently necessitates either chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, both procedures associated with discomfort and a slight risk of miscarriage.

The same would be true of women who have prenatal testing of fetuses with amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, known as C.V.S.

Zernicka-Goetz writes compellingly about her own experiences of a pregnancy in which the fetus was diagnosed through chorionic villus sampling with a risk of severe chromosomal abnormality.