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At Henry’s initiative, Gregory was declared deposed on three occasions, and an anti-pope was elected in the person of Wibert, archbishop of Ravenna, who took the name of Clement III.

Urban III. and Gregory VIII. proposed a third crusade, which was not undertaken until under Clement III. in 1189.

Having gained Rome, he was installed in the Lateran and consecrated as Clement III. on the 24th of March 1084.

The latter had now fallen on evil days, and he lived to see thirteen cardinals desert him, Rome surrendered by the Romans to the German king, Guibert of Ravenna enthroned as Clement III.

Finding himself universally detested as its author, he had to flee for safety to Salerno, leaving Henry to consummate, without opposition, his design of placing Clement III. upon the apostolic throne.