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I can say with certainty that the collective behavior of Trump and Vance in the Oval Office Friday was the most juvenile display by a president and vice president I have ever seen.

Thinking about the collective behavior of a whole system rather than individual particles is common in other areas of physics and even everyday life.

"The framework for analyzing this collective behavior resides in the fundamental pheromone concentration gradient, then working from there," Karamched said.

The consequences of their collective behavior were world-changing.

This collective behavior allows the whole to exceed the sum of its parts and better respond to threats and challenges.