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When cell changes are detected in today's screening program, the woman undergoes a vaginal examination, a so-called colposcopy, where the gynaecologist looks at the cervix with the help of a microscope and, if necessary, takes a biopsy.

The results of the current study suggest that implementation of the WID-qCIN test could reduce the number of colposcopy examinations by 40 per cent.

If she had received a colposcopy, an examination of the cervix and vagina, in March of 2020, “more probably than not, she would have survived her cervical cancer,” wrote Dr. Reed Paulson, the former chief medical officer at Oregon State Penitentiary, in his expert report for the case.

It concluded if test results "had been correctly identified as abnormal the management advice for the patient would have been different and would have resulted in a direct referral for colposcopy".

One of those steps was a colposcopy, in which Shelley used a magnifying device to closely examine the vagina and cervix.