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Goldberg said there are "theoretical advantages" to infusing stem cells via the coronary sinus.

It is delivered through a catheter to the coronary sinus, where it is then expanded with a balloon, blocking flow through most of the vessel except for a small central orifice.

The left part of the sinus venosus, which does not enlarge at the same rate as the right part, remains as the coronary sinus.

They took stem cells from patients' bone marrow and infused them into the heart through a large vein called the coronary sinus.

Once in place the device causes an increase in coronary sinus pressure that appears to relieve angina, though the authors acknowledge that the “physiological rationale for a beneficial effect… remains unclear.”