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The response began: As sirens blared with instructions to take cover, text messages went out to students, faculty and staff.

In the case of steganography, one of those distributions represents the cover text, and the other represents the ciphertext, which contains the hidden message.

Then, the program would use that language model to approximate a minimum entropy coupling between the cover text and the ciphertext, and that coupling would generate the string of characters that would be sent by text.

But Cachin’s proof depended on a critical assumption about the message hiding the secret, known as the cover text.

In order to come up with a new message indistinguishable from the original, innocuous one, you have to create a perfect simulation of the cover text distribution, Cachin said.