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Scientists are sounding alarms about a genetic mutation that was recently identified in four dairy cow herds, nearly one year after H5N1 bird flu was first reported in Texas dairy cattle.

There have also been reported infections in the state’s commercial poultry and dairy cattle.

California is ground zero for the H5N1 bird flu virus in dairy cattle and dairy workers.

At that time, there had only been four human cases reported, and the infection was believed to be restricted to dairy cattle in 14 states.

He noted that 20 years ago nobody would have predicted that bird flu would infect dairy cattle the way it is now.