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Take rotavirus, Ratner said, which causes severe diarrhea that can be life-threatening for children if untreated.

Though Jarrell did not pinpoint exactly where Arakawa contracted hantavirus, they did note that it is transmitted by rodent droppings or saliva, and characterized by flu like symptoms, fever, muscle aches, cough, vomiting and diarrhea.

Early symptoms include fatigue, fever and muscle aches, and can progress to vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath and tightness in the chest as lungs begin to fill with fluid, according to the CDC.

In 19th century New York City, for example, diarrhea was a larger health threat than cancer or heart disease.

He suffered gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting the day before a pet cat became sick.