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The Dom D'Agostino/Patrick Arnold diester is made of 2 molecules of acetoacetate bound to a central racemic butanediol.

So, to start with only one sixth of the diester is the high energy form.

The molecule that claimed performance improvement is a diester of enantiomerically pure R-3 hydroxybutyrate and R-butanediol.

Diester Industrie brought a large chunk of the group's profits in the previous decade when the EU was investing massively in the green technology but more recently struggled to break even.

DII, created in 2005, accounts for approximately a third of Diester Industrie's overall capacity of 3 million tonnes of biodiesel.