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Left, the difference spectrum of the membranes of F. johnsoniae, obtained from the spectrum of the air-oxidized membranes and the spectrum after reduction with dithionite.

The dithionite reduced form of the samples is represented in red and shows the peaks for haem c at 524 nm and 552 nm and those for haem a at 443 nm and 605 nm. e, Pyridine haemochrome assay of the ACIII–cyt aa3 supercomplex in SMA nanodiscs.

A small blood sample is dropped into a tube containing a solution of potassium phosphate, sodium dithionite and saponin.