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“To close a $1 billion dollar gap would mean laying off 22,000 city employees, which is a staggering number.”

The largest dollar gap—more than $500,000—not surprisingly is in the super-expensive California market of Los Angeles, with San Francisco close behind.

"We face a multi-billion dollar gap in federal funding, and the state needs to be responsible enough to plan for a substantial loss of federal dollars," Republican state Senator Jeff Stone said in a statement on Tuesday.

The state, he added, “has to come up with some bigger solutions — a $15 billion dollar gap is too much to ignore.”

The Pew Center on the States, using the states’ own actuarial data, estimates that there is a $1.38 trillion dollar gap between what governments have set aside to pay for public employees’ pensions and retiree health care costs and their actual obligations.