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The review said midwives failed to identify an abnormally slow foetal heart rate after Ida's mother, Sarah Robinson, attended in early labour.

Rebecca's 13-year-old adopted son had foetal alcohol syndrome, ADHD, and other mental health diagnoses that required specialised educational support.

She previously reported bleeding and reduced foetal movement but after examination her observations were considered to be within normal limits.

They said this was shown by changes in levels of various genes in male foetal livers as early as 17 weeks into pregnancy, right through to adult males having shorter life expectancy.

At the age of 18 months, he was diagnosed with foetal valproate syndrome, indicating the medication his mother took was the cause of his problems.