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The study also provided new upper limits on the mass of neutrinos, the only fundamental particles whose masses have not yet been precisely measured.

So far, they’ve been able to do that only for unrealistic black holes using speculative string theory—which assumes every fundamental particle is a tiny string or multidimensional “brane.”

By creating them and watching them decay, they have pieced together a theory of fundamental particles and forces called the standard model.

Physicists had learned that every fundamental particle seems to have an antimatter counterpart, an idea Segrè would later earn a Nobel Prize for verifying.

Science does deal with things that can’t be observed, such as fundamental particles, quantum wave functions, maybe even other universes.