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Congeners include acetaldehyde itself as well as acetone, fusel oil, furfural, methanol's metabolites, polyphenols, histamines, esters, tannins, amines and amides, among others.

Some fusel oil, glycerin and succinic acid appear to be formed simultaneously, but in small amount.

Richet considers that the fusel oil contained in spirits constitutes the chief danger in the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

For preparation of beverages, fusel oil must be carefully separated from alcohol, as fusel oil has an injurious effect physiologically.

The final process is to run the liquor through a rude charcoal filter, to rid it of most of its fusel oil.