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“With these findings, we can look at the big picture of mitigating this record-breaking subsidence,” said Rosemary Knight, the study’s senior author and a professor of geophysics at Stanford’s Doerr School of Sustainability.

These findings hold the potential for applications across various fields, including seismology and geophysics, particularly in monitoring underground conditions with limited observation points.

“They need to be breakthrough exploration projects that drive scientific and societal benefit,” said newly appointed Hub director Mark Simons, a Caltech geophysics professor and former JPL chief scientist.

In a recent study that Simons co-authored, Simons and his colleagues suggest that the concept of time as it pertains to geophysics could be included when determining habitability.

That “helped eliminate some hypotheses about its formation,” says marine geophysicist Gail Christeson, who is a program director for marine geology and geophysics at the National Science Foundation.