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The 2020 Elliot Creek tsunami in a glacial valley in British Columbia, for instance, featured a landslide measuring 18 cubic million meters in volume and a tsunami runup of more than 100 meters.

Five Spanish groups sent a delegation to Brussels for meetings this week with European Union lawmakers and officials to urge greater scrutiny of a project they say will cause irreversible damage to the glacial valley of Canal Roya in the Aragon region.

But in recent years, parts of the route have been moved away from the melting glacial valley to the shoreline.

This was the starting point for a challenging hike of five hours – more, for us, due to my less than Swiss fitness level – through meadows strewn with wildflowers, a vast glacial valley, a boulder field and large patches of snow as we trekked ever higher.

The Pumice Desert once was a glacial valley that was buried by pumice during the eruption of Mount Mazama, a Cascade peak that imploded and left behind Crater Lake.