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And the glutamine substitution, together with another mutation in the same virus at position 190, could have the same effect as the 226L.

Lo and behold, when they switched a glutamine to a leucine at position 226, it no longer bound to the bird receptors, but instead exclusively to those of humans.

Zarif and his colleagues previously demonstrated that macrophage precursor cells called monocytes will develop into immune-activating macrophages if they are grown in a laboratory setting without glutamine.

Each color in this slice of a mouse’s eye is a different amino acid; green is glutamine, pink is taurine and blue is glutamate.

They found that hypertensive pulmonary blood vessel cells have a voracious appetite for two amino acids, glutamine and serine, and -- as happens with any unbalanced diet -- there are consequences.