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“We discovered that the patients who exhibited higher amounts of Akkermansia were the patients who had a very strong improvement in cholesterol, in glycemia, in waist to hip ratio and also a reduction in different parameters in both cardiovascular disease and risk factors.”

The authors found that adding glycemia measures to conventional cardiovascular risk assessment provided little additional prognostic information.

One somewhat surprising finding was that four different measures of glycemia independently resulted in a  J-shaped curve of cardiovascular risk — although lower glycemia levels were generally associated with lower levels of risk, at the extreme lowest level there was a rebound in risk.

This finding “should encourage further studies to test whether very low glycemia levels are markers of ill health,” write the authors.

“This finding challenges suggestions that postload glucose levels predict CVD incidence more strongly than do other glycemia measures,” they say.