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These keratinocytes were engineered to express a specific variant of the HLA gene called HLA-B*57:01, which specifically bind to the antiviral drug abacavir.

The lab data show that the T cells of people with this particular version of the HLA gene managed to recognize these pieces of SARS-CoV-2 and react in a protective manner.

This strong positive selection would have maintained a specific DNA sequence motif in this region from generation to generation, regulating the expression of the HLA gene in a way particularly adaptive for the ancient environment.

They found that most of the modern Tsimshian people had different versions of immune-system genes, including an HLA gene, from their ancestors.

Some suggest AS03, or maybe its boosting effect, or even the H1N1 flu itself, may have triggered the onset of narcolepsy in those who have the susceptible HLA gene variant.