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This is called homoplasy, and in an evolutionary diagram it can make two distantly-related animals seem like close relatives if they happened to evolve similar traits.

Additionally, we used the R package HybridCheck77 and pairwise homoplasy index testing78 to identify sites of recombination.

The true tree is, however, unknown, and all data, including nuclear genes, show homoplasy.

This conclusion relies on phylogenetic analyses that fail to discriminate between homology and homoplasy and further implies virus-like rates of nucleotide substitution in early Paleocene placentals.

One of the most important factors to consider is known among evolutionary scholars as homoplasy, or convergent evolution amongst unrelated lineages.