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The team did find what they suspect are anti-infection adaptations, many in a region of the genome called the human leukocyte antigen complex, which regulates immune response.

The relevant set of genes is known as the human leukocyte antigen, or HLA.

Approximately 65% of elite controllers carry a particular variant of the human leukocyte antigen B gene, which is located in the major histocompatibility complex region, a part of our DNA that controls the adaptive immune response to pathogens and other threats.

In addition to genetic variants of the ACE2 receptor, scientists want to see whether differences in the human leukocyte antigen genes, which influence the immune system’s response to viruses and bacteria, affect disease severity.

The patients also needed to carry a specific version of human leukocyte antigen, an immune gene complex that could help the infused T cells flourish.