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Ms Bolton said she also had to use more energy to heat her home to keep Oliver warm, because of his immunosuppression treatment.

One of the key contributors to glioblastoma's poor outlook is its natural immunosuppression coupled with its intrinsic diversity -- a one-two punch that limits immune successes against controlling glioblastoma in patients.

However, this option requires patients to undergo immunosuppression for the rest of their lives to keep the body from rejecting the foreign beta cells.

"These results give us new insights into how we might further engineer pig organs for transplant, or tailor immunosuppression treatments to improve tolerance of a foreign organ."

"I look forward to future research on metabolism-driven mechanisms of immunosuppression in glioblastoma, and I'm hopeful for all that we will continue to learn about how to best understand and fight this cancer."