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What is known is that derivatives linked to the Standard & Poor’s 500 and Nasdaq indices leaped ahead starting at about 1 p.m., minutes before the announcement.

In early trading Monday, the major stock indices started in the red, sank lower, then moved into and out of the black twice.

They can outsource their investing choices to active managers who all claim to have a unique skill, or cast their lot with passive managers who follow the indices but almost invariably outperform the stock pickers.

Following the correction, valuations for many stock market indices have dipped below their 10-year average, providing some respite.

Combining pain questionnaires with various clinical indices has been reported as another similarly reliable predictor for a patient’s responsiveness to spinal cord stimulation.