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Trial by ordeal was outlawed by the Lateran Council in 1215.

But monastic influences at the turn of the millennium led to the adoption of a celibacy requirement at the First Lateran Council of 1123, and that tradition has held ever since.

The Third Lateran Council in 1215 formally defined transubstantiation as the appropriate doctrine, thus beating out the Reformation by three hundred years.

This is the exact badge of shame that the Fourth Lateran Council and the Inquisition had forced upon the Jews of Europe.

The Church was scarce better prepared to discharge the duty of the confessional, which the Lateran Council had rendered obligatory and had confined to the priesthood.