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The revelations about the extent and level of involvement of the controversial church and the LDP shocked the nation.

He had also voiced support for socially liberal policies, including marriage equality and allowing couples to have separate surnames - though he has since called for further discussion on the issues, in line with the LDP's more conservative stance.

"The Japanese people expressed their strong desire for the LDP to do some reflection and become a party that acts in line with the people's will," Ishiba told national broadcaster NHK after that election.

The election gamble failed, however, as the LDP lost its parliamentary majority in its worst result in over a decade.

In recent years, the LDP has also come under scrutiny over political scandals including its ties to the controversial Unification Church and allegations that its politicians had concealed millions of dollars in fundraiser donations.