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Under established Supreme Court precedent, the singling out of a particular group for disfavored treatment—whether they be people living with disabilities, hippies, Christians, or transgender people—is never a legitimate government purpose and, instead, evidences an unconstitutional desire to harm.

City of Hialeah, a religious discrimination case, the court emphasized how a series of ordinances might, when viewed in isolation, advance legitimate government interests in the humane treatment of animals.

The UK government does not recognise the Taliban as the legitimate government of Afghanistan.

“There is no legitimate government interest that would justify treating Perez in this manner while he was in medical distress.”

They try to define the bounds of legitimate government by asking how individuals in an ungoverned “state of nature” would agree to be governed.