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In films such as “Nocturama,” director Bonello examined individuals who seemed lobotomized by life, their futile actions a desperate attempt to bring meaning to meaninglessness.

For someone who witnessed the Obama-era phenomenon of Low End Theory, the place seemed lobotomized.

“At least it wasn’t like the ’50s, where they just lobotomized us,” he said.

It was as if street by street and square by square, the Soviet Union had all but lobotomized historical memory in Ukraine and other former republics, he said.

A terrible silence had descended, and Hugo stared into the distance with his secret pain and lobotomized expression.