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Plants use an amino acid called lysine for many things, including as a part of their detection and response to pests.

Non-susceptible species lack lysine at this position, which has a large side chain; macaques instead have asparagine, which contributes to HBV resistance.

To promote these reactions, alternative meat developers will add browning agents, including specific amino acids such as cysteine, methionine and lysine, sugars and the vitamin thiamin.

In fact, two amino acids, lysine and ornithine, became more abundant in the gut after infection.

ADM was the subject of a nonfiction book titled “The Informant” in 2000, and an ensuing film starring Matt Damon, about a 1990s price-fixing scheme for the the animal feed additive lysine.