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Specifically, "These features include the presence of four post-canine teeth, a larger lower canine, and a fused and short mandibular symphysis," according to a press release.

Gomphotheriidae had clubbed lower tusks and a more narrow mandible, while Choerolophodontidae completely lacked mandibular tusks and their lower jaw was long and trough-like.

Mussolini’s roving bands of Blackshirts, “bursting with appetites,” wielded clubs with precision, “bashing both sides of the mouth, both mandibular joints, in order to fracture the jaws.”

“Based on the morphology of the mandibular nerve of Tyrannosaurus, we were able to clarify that the jaw tip of Tyrannosaurus was most likely a pretty capable sensor,” Kawabe said.

The technical term for these appliances is mandibular advancement devices, so named because they work by pushing the lower jaw forward, which in most people helps keep the airway open.