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But high building costs, lack of available land and a shortage of manpower have all been factors in restricting construction in recent years, with just under 100,000 homes completed in 2024.

The pause comes as Ukraine, facing manpower and supply shortages, struggles to fight off grinding and relentless enemy attacks two years after Russia launched a full-scale invasion of the country.

But the plan may be de facto terminated or delayed if funding or manpower isn’t allocated to it, stakeholders said.

It is not yet known how much security support European leaders are asking for from America, nor is the scale of any American manpower on the ground in Ukraine associated with a minerals deal.

The argument for more of the same is that Russia, weakened by sanctions and drained of manpower as its generals squander their men's lives, will eventually lose a war of attrition.