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Crispr gene editing has the potential to treat a myriad of monogenic diseases from sickle cell anaemia to muscular dystrophy and cancer.

"For example, people carrying mutations giving high risk of certain diseases, and also monogenic conditions such as breast cancer mutations."

Polygenic risk scores sum and weight these many tiny effects, creating what some researchers have called a “monogenic equivalent”— a “gene for” by proxy.

More than 10,000 monogenic inherited disorders have been identified, affecting millions of people worldwide.

The only exceptions to what is called “common obesity” — where many genes are involved in raising the risk of obesity — occur in what is known as “monogenic” obesity.